Graphical Environment Manager

The Graphical Environment Manager (GEM) was an operating environment created by Digital Research, Inc. (DRI) for use with the DOS operating system on the Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 microprocessors.

GEM is known primarily as the graphical user interface (GUI) for the Atari ST series of computers, and was also supplied with a series of IBM PC-compatible computers from Amstrad. It also was available for standard IBM PC, at the time when the 6 MHz IBM PC AT (and the very concept of a GUI) was brand new. It was the core for a small number of DOS programs, the most notable being Ventura Publisher. It was ported to a number of other computers that previously lacked graphical interfaces, but never gained popularity on those platforms. DRI also produced FlexGem for their FlexOS real-time operating system.

History

GSX

GEM started life at DRI as a more general purpose graphics library known as GSX (Graphics System eXtension), written by a team led by Don Heiskell. Lee Lorenzen (at Graphic Software Systems, Inc.) who had recently left Xerox PARC (birthplace of the GUI) wrote much of the code. GSX was essentially a DRI-specific implementation of the GKS graphics standard proposed in the late 1970s. GSX was intended to allow DRI to write graphics programs (charting, etc.) for any of the platforms CP/M-80, CP/M-86 and MS-DOS (NEC APC-III) would run on, a task that would otherwise require considerable effort to port due to the large differences in graphics hardware (and concepts) between the various systems of that era.

The Apprentice (UK series seven)

Series Seven of The Apprentice (UK) was a British reality television series, which was broadcast in the UK during 2011 from 10 May to 17 July on BBC One. The first two episodes of the series were aired a day apart from each other; the first on a Tuesday, the next in the usual timeslot of the show, along with subsequent episodes after it. Like the previous series, the final episode was aired on a Sunday. Filming of the series took place during the previous year in Autumn. The series was won by Tom Pellereau.

By the end of the series, several records were made by two of the final candidates in the process. Pellereau initially held the record of least successful winner of The Apprentice, for winning only three tasks, never winning as a project manager and being a PM just once in the series; he now holds joint ownership of the record alongside Series 10 winner, Mark Wright. Along with this, he also became the first winner of the show, to have won fewer tasks than the runner-up, which happened again in Series 8, 9 and 10. Runner-up Helen Milligan, currently holds the record for the most successful candidate in the history of The Apprentice, winning ten out of eleven tasks during this series.

The Apprentice (UK series six)

Series Six of The Apprentice (UK) was a British reality television series, which was broadcast in the UK during 2010 from 6 October to 19 December on BBC One; like the previous series, the final episode was aired on a Sunday. Unlike previous series which began in March, the series was postponed by the BBC to Autumn that year, so as to avoid raising any conflicting issues with the 2010 General Election being held that month and Lord Sugar's ties to the government at the time. The series was won by Stella English

Following a web-based application, along with regional auditions and interviews that took place during July the previous year, in London, Glasgow, Manchester and Birmingham, about 75 candidates were called back for a second round in London, before the final sixteen were picked and shooting took place in Autumn that year. The house used by the candidates in this series, was located on Bedford Square in the heart of London's West End.

Following the decision by Margaret Mountford to stand down as an advisor for Alan Sugar during the previous series, her replacement was revealed as Karren Brady, who made her first proper outing on the The Apprentice during this series; she initially began in her role as advisor to Lord Sugar during the first series of Young Apprentice . It was revealed during week 11 that Margaret remained in the show, as an Interviewer of the remaining candidates. In addition to the change of advisor, the companion show You're Fired also saw Dara Ó Briain revealed as the new host of the show, after the departure of Adrian Chiles following the end of the previous series.

Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ) is an island of Indonesia. With a population of over 141 million (the island itself) or 145 million (the administrative region) as of 2015 Census released in December 2015, Java is home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population, and is the most populous island on Earth. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally.

Formed mostly as the result of volcanic eruptions, Java is the 13th largest island in the world and the fifth largest in Indonesia. A chain of volcanic mountains forms an east–west spine along the island. Three main languages are spoken on the island, with Javanese being the dominant; it is the native language of about 60 million people in Indonesia, most of whom live on Java. Most residents are bilingual, with Indonesian as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are Muslim, Java has a diverse mixture of religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.

Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. As of 2016, Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.

Java chicken

The Java is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. Despite the breed's name, which comes from the island of Java, it was developed in the U.S. from chickens of unknown Asian extraction. It is one of the oldest American chickens, forming the basis for many other breeds, but is critically endangered today. Javas are large birds with a sturdy appearance. They are hardy, and are well-suited for both meat and egg production, especially by small-scale farms, homesteads, and backyard keepers.

History

After the Dominique, the Java is the oldest breed of chicken created in the U.S. Though its name would suggest a Javan derivation, it is not known exactly where in Asia its ancestors came from. It was first mentioned in print in 1835, but it is thought to have been present well before this time. Javas were especially notable as meat production birds throughout the 19th century, with their popularity peaking in the latter half of that century.

The Java is a key foundation breed for the American class of chickens, having contributed significantly to major modern fowl such as the Jersey Giant, Rhode Island Red and Plymouth Rock. They are also likely to be the source of the yellow skin in contemporary Dominiques, which once had white skin.

Photographic developer

In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides, which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black (when a fine particle). The conversion occurs within the gelatine matrix. The special feature of photography is that the developer only acts on those particles of silver halides that have been exposed to light. Generally, the longer a developer is allowed to work, the darker the image.

Chemical composition of developers

For black-and-white photography, the developer typically consists of a mixture of chemical compounds prepared as an aqueous solution. Three main components of this mixture are: